Crisis Management Overdose of Premature Babies in Indianapolis, Indiana

Crisis Management Overdose of Premature Babies in Indianapolis, Indiana Introduction All organizations face crisis of different natures and scales at one time or another and how the organizations responds to the crisis may well determine its future success or failure. Devlin (2006) states that it is the responsibility of an organization through its public relations office to ensure that the organization recovers gracefully from a crisis and that this recovery occurs in a timely manner.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Crisis Management: Overdose of Premature Babies in Indianapolis, Indiana specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will analyze the role that public relations played in the recovery from the over-dosage of premature babies’ incident by the Methodist Hospital. The success of the response by the hospital will be reviewed and anything that may have been done differently noted. The Crisis The case in question involves the death of a number of babies as a result of a medical error in the Methodist Hospital in Indiana. A total of six premature babies were given an overdose of heparin due to an inventory error. As a result of this, there was a wide public uproar as the relatives of some of the deceased babies expressed their discontent and anger over the incident. The hospital crisis was further heighten by the appearance of the relatives of one of the dead babies on national television (Indiana News, 2006b). The relatives expressed their anger over the incident and blamed the death of their baby on the misconduct of the hospital staff whom they claimed should have known better than to deliver the wrong dosage to their baby. How the Hospital Responded The hospital was quick to respond to the issue and it gave details of the error that had led to the death of the premature babies. It took responsibility for the actions of its medical personnel and acknowledged that human and procedural errors were the cause of the overdoses that resulted in t he fatalities. The hospital CEO also pointed out that the fact that the babies were very premature may have contributed to their death (Jones, 2006). However, he noted that it was the huge influx of the drug that led to their death. Since an oversight on the part of the nurses is what had led to the wrong doses, the hospital enacted new policies that would require a minimum of two nurses to validate heparin doses so as to avoid any future administration of wrong doses. The nurses who had administered the wrong dosages were also given counseling so as to help them come to term with their actions and help them return to normalcy and continue serving the community. The report also noted that hospital staff had met with the families of the affected babies and offered their apologies for the incident.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Why it was Necessary to Re spond The response of the hospital was necessary for a number of reasons. To begin with, the public needed information on the crisis. The response was also needed to disseminate information to the public. Being one of Indianas largest hospitals, the error at the Methodist Hospital had attracted wide public attention and everyone wanted to know what was going on. Theodore and Webber (2006) report that the hospitals spokesman kept the public up to date with news of how the affected babies were faring and also in case a fatality occurred. The official news provided by the hospital which was credible and truthful became the primary source for the public. By being the major source of information on the issue, the hospital ensured that sensational gossip did not become the primary source of information for the public on the issue. The hospital had admitted that it was its traditional procedures of stocking vials from the inventory to the drug cabinet that had resulted in the fatal error. For the public to be reassured that such errors would never occur again, the hospital had to make major changes to the old system. To this end, the hospital stated that it would not keep vials of the adult doses of heparin (10,000 units) in its inventory (Indiana News, 2006). The response also helped to put the public’s mind at ease. The hospital took full responsibility for the error with the CEO stating that the blame for our errors falls upon this institution; a weakness in our own system has been exposed (Pinto, 2006). In anticipation of the public questioning whether the error was not only limited to the premature babies, the hospital took the time to clarify that infant doses had not been given to adult patients (Jones, 2006). How the Response promoted the view of the hospital The hospital was keen to demonstrate that it had learnt from the mistake and would take measures to ensure that such an error never occurred again. For example, all employees were expected to sign a document on the importance of correct drug administration so as to demonstrate their commitment to ensuring patience safety in future (Indiana News, 2006). A senior figure in the hospital administration, the president of the organization which owns the Methodist Hospital, reassured the public that this error was an isolated case and it would not pose any risk to other babies who were being treated at the hospital. The view of the hospital was further advanced by revelations that errors occur in a number of hospitals over the country and that technology was used to try and reduce the number of this errors (Pinto, 2006). Outcome of Response The public’s positive perception of the hospital was encouraged by the response. The fact that the top management of the hospital was willing to go on record accepting responsibility for the deaths of the two babies showed that the facility has integrity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Crisis Management : Overdose of Premature Babies in Indianapolis, Indiana specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Emphasis was placed on the fact that it was a veteran technician who accidentally stocked the drug cabinet with the wrong dosage of heparin (Theodore Webber, 2006). Such a revelation demonstrates that the error was not cased by the hospital employing incompetent staff but rather by an honest mistake on the part of the seasoned pharmacy technician. The public would like to be reassured that such an accident would never be allowed to happen again. As a result of the response, information about the hospital’s new measures to avoid a repeat of the tragedy was disseminated to the public. The only way for this to occur was through a thorough change of the hospitals system and the response detailed how the hospital had gotten rid of the old system and replaced it with a new more thorough system. An investigation by the Indianapolis Police Department asc ertained that the fatal errors were accidental in nature and that the nurses who were responsible for the mistakes had not done it intentionally (Pinto, 2006). The radical changes implemented by the hospital ensured the public that the same error would never occur again therefore restoring trust in the facility. How I would have handled the Response If I were in charge of the public relations of the hospital, there are a number of things I would have done differently. I would have placed some emphasis on the long successful relationship that the hospital has had with the community. I would also have placed emphasis on how the hospital has always been keen to safeguard the interest of the patients. With such a background, the public would be more inclined to view the death of the two babies as a tragic accident. By reminding the public that patient interest has always been the Methodist Hospitals driving force, the publics would be put at ease in spite of the incident. Expressing con cern for the public will result in a better perception of the organization by the public. With this in mind, I would have ensured that the public is constantly reminded that the hospital is working overtime not only to resolve the current crisis but also to ensure that future patient safety is observed. Conclusion This paper set out to review the crisis that followed the over dosing of premature babies in the Methodist Hospital. It has been noted that the response made by the hospital was very appropriate and yielded good results. A positive in the hospital’s handling of the situation was that it did not attempt to downplay the issue and publicized its responses as much as it could.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future speculations that the hospital tried to hide the problem by withholding information from the public could therefore not arise. The primary concern in the crisis was the safety of the consumers and the public at large and since the hospital addressed this very efficiently, the level of damage from the crisis was limited and the organizations reputation was not badly damaged. References Devlin, S.E. (2006). Crisis Management Planning and Execution, NY: CRC Press. Indiana News (2006). Hospital Changes Procedures After Babies Fatal Overdoses. Retrieved from: theindychannel.com/news/9879402/detail.html. Indiana News (2006b). Infants Family Speaks Out Following Hospital Deaths. Retrieved from: theindychannel.com/news/9884927/detail.html. Jones, K. (2006). Heparin Overdosage Kills Two Premature Babies at Methodist Hospital. Retrieved from: http://foodconsumer.org/7777/8888/Other_N_ews_51/Heparin_Overdosage_Kills_Two_Premature_Babies_at_Methodist_Hospital_printer.shtml Pinto, B. (200 6). Hospital Procedures Questioned After Death of Two Babies. Retrieved from: http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Health/story?id=2465287page=1. Theodore, K. Webber, T. (2006). Third baby dies after error at Indiana hospital. Retrieved from usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-09-20-baby-deaths_x.htm

Classic George Orwell Quotes

Classic George Orwell Quotes George Orwell is one of the most famous writers of his time. He is perhaps best known for his controversial novel, 1984, a dystopian tale in which language and truth are corrupted. He also wrote Animal Farm, an anti-Soviet fable where the animals revolt against the humans. A great writer and a true master of words, Orwell is also known for some smart sayings. While you might already know his novels, here is a collection of quotes by the author that you should also know. Ranging from grave to ironic, from dark to optimistic, these George Orwell quotes give a sense of his ideas on religion, war, politics, writing, corporations, and society at large. By understanding Orwells opinions, perhaps readers will be able to better read his works.   On Freedom Freedom is the right to tell people what they do not want to hear. I sometimes think that the price of liberty is not so much eternal vigilance as eternal dirt. Talking Politics In our time political speech and writing are largely the defense of the indefensible. In our age, there is no such thing as keeping out of politics. All issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly, hatred and schizophrenia. In times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act. Jokes A dirty joke is a sort of mental rebellion. As I write, highly civilized human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me. On War War is a way of shattering to pieces... materials which might otherwise be used to make the masses too comfortable and... too intelligent. On Hubris A tragic situation exists precisely when virtue does not triumph but when it is still felt that man is nobler than the forces which destroy him. On Advertisements Advertising is the rattling of a stick inside a swill bucket. Foodie Talk We may find in the long run that tinned food is a deadlier weapon than the machine-gun. On Religion Mankind is not likely to salvage civilization unless he can evolve a system of good and evil which is independent of heaven and hell. Other Wise Advice   Most people get a fair amount of fun out of their lives, but on balance life is suffering, and only the very young or the very foolish imagine otherwise. Myths which are believed in tend to become true. Progress is not an illusion, it happens, but it is slow and invariably disappointing.

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 26

Research Paper Example Their first entry is recorded to be around 793 CE during which they ambushed the Christian monastic community who were residing in the Lindisfarne Island. There well designed long ship helped them move around the coast invading and attacking inhabitants of the Europeans coasts, in harbors and other river settlements. However, the aim of the paper is to describe in details the ‘Vikings art’ during the period between 800 CE and 1100 CE. The Vikings artist focused majorly on the durability of the material they used hence most of their artwork are made of stone, wood, metal ,bone, ivory and textiles. In some cases, they use human skin to present their art inform of Tattoo’s. Wood: This is the material that dominates the Vikings art due to the well-known advantages of wood to the art industry like easy to carve, durability, cheap cost and availability. Evidence of the extensive use of wood is in the Oseberg ship burial carvings in the 9th century, and the Urnes stave church (Grancsay, 21). Stone: use of stone began late in Scandinavia and a few memories of its use are like in the Gotlandic stone pictures and the royal monuments at jelling in Denmark though most of its use came late in the middle of 10th century. The spread of use of stone in the Viking art is related to the spread of Christianity (Grancsay, 59). Metal: Various archaeological evidences showed the presence of various decorations especially of metallic ornaments. The use of metallic art was also reflected on the jewelry that was worn by both men and women. The respectable women were identifiable from the matching brooches that were used just below their shoulder. Therefore, the evidence of the metalwork decorations were in the regained artwork in various designated graves. This is because they believed in accompanying the dead with material possessions. Therefore, it was common to extract jewelry, tools, household goods and weapons from the Vikings graves. Other

Critically discuss the leadership and change management theories Essay

Critically discuss the leadership and change management theories within the case study - Essay Example Biogen Idec is a global biotechnology company that has transformed greatly in the past 25 years to become one of the largest companies in the world. Through mergers with other companies, it has developed into a big company with presence in most parts of Europe and America. Currently, the company is on the verge of changing its operations in order to improve the performance of the company. Managing change is an important aspect of the organization in order for them to remain competitive by responding the market needs. The concept of organizational change and leadership management require a lot of concern since any mistake may lead to big losses (Styhre, 2002; Charlton & Andrew, 2004). Organizations operate in increasing competitive and chaotic global business environment and thus it should form a major focus of the business management. This is because there is enough evidence that about 70% of organizational changes fail to yield enough fruits as projected by the management (Burnes & Jackson, 2011). A properly structured organizational change should thus take full care of content, people, and process since they are the determinants of success or failure of such an initiative (Myungweon, 2011). Leaders are the formulators and implements of any organizational change; hence, they should be responsible for the success or failure of such initiatives (Aaron & Elizabeth, 2012). Leaders are also important to the change process since they create and develop an acceptance culture of change in the organization and develop the ability to achieve such as change as projected by the company (Northouse, 2012). Change Models Kotters 8 Steps The use of Kotters method is evident in the change undertaken by Biogen Idec Inc since they began their initial step of organizational change by conducting research and creating urgency for change. In this method, organization change can be effectively managed using a dynamic 8-step approach that includes increased urgency, building grid team s, get the right vision, communicate for a buy in, enable action, create a short term win, don’t let up, make it stick. The steps are further divided into three phases whereby the first phase is creating a climate change; the second phase is engaging and enabling the whole organization while the last step entails implementing and sustaining the change (Hayes, 2010). Creating urgency This is the first step of Kotters change model whereby he argues that creating urgency enables the members know what they really want and develop a sense of urgency around the need for change. In the case of Biogen Inc, the headquarters in Paris was responsible for all finance, legal, Human resources, and commercial activities of the organization, making the decisions slow and bureaucratic. The urgency created by the management is upon realization that this type of organizational structure is slowing decision making and at times leading to erroneous decisions. They thus needed a structural model t hat can quicken decision making of the managerial functions to avoid several errors that may inhibit the development of the company. Creating urgency helps spark the initial motivation of the workers so that they respond by getting things moving in the direction of change. It involves showing people the poor performance of the organization and increased competition that threatens the existence of the company. Kotter (2012) argues that about three quarters of the organization management needs to support the change initiative for it to be successful hence, the need for creating urgency must be very strong. Form a powerful coalition After the worker have seen the need for change, they need to work together to achieve these desired changes. This step involves convincing people that change is necessary and it encompasses strong governance and sustenance from individuals within the organization. In order to influence the process of change within the organi

Theme Of Women In Different Artistic Periods Essay Example for Free

Theme Of Women In Different Artistic Periods Essay Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, and Romantic are all artistic movements of centuries past.   It is through the artistic movements that one can capture a glimpse of society and the way life was lived during that time.   Thoughts and feelings are exposed as well as facts are captured by the artist.   It is as if time stands still and one can experience the past with these works of art. This is especially true when a theme or subject is used in art from different time periods.    One can see how the view of the subject has changed or stayed the same.   One theme that has evolved over time is the subject of women.   Their complexities, mysteries, and roles in society have been studied throughout the ages.   That is why they have been a favorite point of interest for artist.   If an artist can capture the essence of a woman, then he/she can capture life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Baroque Period was the earliest of these artistic movements.   It came after the European Renaissance and spanned the whole seventeenth century.   Although some features appear in Dutch art, the Baroque style was limited mainly to Catholic countries. It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works.1   Baroque art was basically an answer to the Catholic Reformation.   The objective of the church was to communicate the emotions of the biblical stories in art.   The church desired that the patrons who were illiterate to be able to view the art and understand the story and feel the emotions that they could not comprehend because of their lack of reading.   The wealthy patrons had a different purpose for the art they commissioned and this was to impress others. _____________________ Artlex. Baroque.   2008 http://www.artlex.com The focus of the paintings were to be dramatic and to tell a story that would appeal to the senses.   The realism in the art of this period was incredible.   The subjects were multidimensional as well as the textures accurate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An excellent example of art from the Baroque Period is Young Girl Writing a Love Letter by the Italian painter Pietro Rotari.   The painting was completed in seventeen fifty-five so it was done in the middle of the period which would represent the peak of the artistic movement. Young Girl Writing a Love Letter is not a painting with a religious theme, but Rotari did paint many that were.   Instead, he chose a young woman for his subject. Even though the theme is different than most Baroque art, the young woman has a dreamy, almost angelic quality and expression on her face.   There is a purity about her that reminds one of the Virgin Mary.   She is resting her head on her hand while she gazes off into the distance while contemplating just the right words to write to her lover.   However, one can tell from her innocent face that even though she is in love, she her motives are pure.   The treatment of women as a theme in art during the Baroque Period truly reflects the religious focus during that time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rotari’s style is typical of the Baroque Period.   His painting of Young Girl Writing a Love Letter is realistic. The young woman’s hair is painted so that it gives the appearance of her hair having strands with a few wisp of stray hairs that have fallen out of her neatly pulled back hairstyle.   The silk fabric of her dress is realistically shown through the use of lights and darks.   Even the wood of the desk is painted using perspectives so that it has a three dimensional look.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rococo was the eighteenth century’s answer to the Baroque movement.   As Baroque concentrated on religious figures and themes, the artist of the Rococo Period focused on the wealthy aristocracy.   The ornamental, graceful curves, delicate colors, and anything of elegance were the markings of the period.   The aristocracy wanted to be the focus of the art instead of heroes from history and the Bible.   The movement originated in France during the reign of Louis XV.   The architecture and furnishings of the day were also representative the movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the foremost painters during the Rococo Period was Jean Marc Nattier.   He was a French painter who, at fifteen, painted for Peter the Great, but he was a member of King Louis XV’s court and mainly painted for him.   Many of his paintings are still in France and still displayed at the Louvre. Mythological portraiture allowed Nattier to synthesize his desire to be a history painter with the financial necessity of making a living, for portraits were in demand. After the 1740s, as tastes began to change, Nattier created more straightforward representations. Financial problems and illness finally caused him to stop painting in 1762. (Getty Museum) An excellent example of Jean Marc Nattier’s work is the painting Portrait of a Young Woman Painter.   The young woman is obviously an aristocrat because is adorned in a lavish yet delicate dress with a carefree look on her face as she gazes out at the painting.   She has a face that is fragile as though it has never seen the sun, hard work, or bad and troublesome thoughts. Her hand is rested on her head in a ladylike pose while her smile is faint.   She holds her palette as if she is not serious about painting.   In fact, she looks as like there is nothing that really interest her. She is graceful and her curves are sensual as the open neckline of her dress.   The background is muted as are the colors of the portrait.   It is not bright and vivid as the paintings of the Baroque Period. The artist deals with the subject of a young woman as mystical.   She does not standout in any way because of the muted shades, but simply fades into the background.   Her palette that should have vibrant colors on them, but they are varying shades of the background.   This symbolizes that a woman considering an occupation is just a frivolous idea that is fleeting.   Instead of angelic as women were portrayed in the Baroque Period, the woman depicted in the Rococo movement is seen more as a status symbol.   It is as if she only exist to prove that the man in her life can afford her.   She would be his proof that by pampering her, he has the means to sustain his social position.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following the Rococo Period was the Neoclassical movement which focused on the classical forms of the ancient Greek and Roman works of art. Neo-classicism was a style that emerged in Britain and France in the 1750s. Artists and architects sought to create an eternally valid true style that could be expressed across all areas of the visual arts. The style was based on the designs of Classical Greece and Rome. A major source of inspiration came from archaeological discoveries such as those made at Herculaneum and Pompeii which brought the ancient world to life. (Learn About Style) Patriotism, heroism, courage, and sacrifice were elements of the Neoclassical Period.   This movement stated in the seventeen fifties, and lasted well into the eighteen hundreds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marie-Louise Lebrun, also known as Élisabeth-Louise Vigà ©e-Le Brun, was a famous portrait artist during the Neoclassic Period.   Her paintings were simple and pure as was popular during the period.   Her well known painting, Portrait of Theresa, Countess Kinsky is typical of the Neoclassical design. There is a landscape that is faded into the background so that the focus is on the Countess. Her head is wrapped in a long flowing cloth that is reminiscent of the loose draping of the ancient Greeks and Romans.   The dress is of a deep midnight blue that draws the eye to the classic lines of the clothing.   Her demeanor is of a woman that is knowledgeable and intense.   The Countess is has a striking pose that draws immediate attention to her.   Her eyes are piercing while her smile is alluring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The theme of woman in this picture is unique in that the subject is a female seen through the eyes of another female. It is amazing how Lebrun presents a woman of obvious strength that is not seen in the previous paintings.   The Countess is a confident compelling subject.   There is power in the expression of her countenance.   Her intellect is shown as a positive element that only adds to her beauty.   In reality this womans life was rather tragic. Her husband left her at the altar after their wedding and went to his mistress. Given the beauty of Theresa, the Countess, one wonders about the personalities of the people involved.1   Ã‚  A woman who lived the life of the Countess would have to have been strong and command the attention of Lebrun, who was a professional woman and was also a symbol of strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Romantic Period encompassed the first half of the nineteenth century.   The artist of the day concentrated on emotion, the supernatural, and the glorification of nature.   _____________________ Countess Kinsky. 2008. http://hal.ucr.edu/~cathy/artists/evlb93.html Romantics were more emotional, usually melancholic, even melodramatically tragic.1  Ã‚   There was more of an attention to the exotic that the ancient Greece and Rome.   There was also a fascination of horror.   It was definitely different from artistic period in the past.   One could not help but be drawn into the emotional state of the subject because it was the objective of the Romantic artist to completely convey the emotion of the subject of his/her art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The talented Thà ©odore Chassà ©riau was characteristic of the Romantic Period.   He started painting at a young age and was a master painter by the time he reached adulthood.   The Angel, by Chassà ©riau, is unlike any of the angels painted in earlier artistic periods.   The angel is either on earth or a place that has a similar landscape.   The prominent tree trunk, the colorful fall foliage of the tree leaves, and the lush green underbrush are typical of the Romantic focus on the glorification of nature. The light fluffy clouds add to the effect.   The angelic being depicted on earth is an example of spotlight on the supernatural.   The expression of deep concern and pain is on the face of the being which is opposite of what most think of angels who are thought to be creatures of peace, love, and protection.   However, this angel is in hurting in some way.   The clothing is realistic, but the hair and feathers of the angel are more fantastic than real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The angel is depicted as a woman in the painting The Angel.   It sets the tone that women were seen as heavenly beings during the period.   They were not seen as equal to men, yet men saw them as mysterious.   The fact that this angel is distressed displays to _____________________   Artlex. Baroque.   2008 http://www.artlex.com the viewer that heaven might not be what the world expected it to be.   As women are stereotypically emotional people, the angel is definitely female.   In the Bible, the angels have male names, yet Chassà ©riau, like others of his day, portrayed it as female. Women were seen as the ones who were immensely emotional.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Women have been the subject of art ever since there was art.   They are intriguing and beguiling.   Each artistic period was representative of society’s view of women.   It is a way to freeze a moment in time.   It is an interesting idea to examine how the place of woman in society has evolved over time. Bibliography Chassà ©riau, Theodore.   The Angel. 1840. Countess Kinsky.   http://hal.ucr.edu/~cathy/artists/evlb93.html Getty Museum. Artist.   http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=459 Learn About Style. Neoclassicism. http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/british_galleries/bg_styles/Style05a/index.html Lebrun, Marie, Louise. Portrait of Theresa, Countess Kinsky. 1793. Nattier, Jean Marc. Portrait of a Young Woman Painter.   1740. Rotari, Pietro.   Young Woman Writing a Love Letter.   1755.

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place and The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall :: The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall

Katherine Porter's The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall and A Clean, Well-Lighted Place written by Ernest Hemmingway What are the thoughts that go through the minds of those who near death? These are the questions at the heart of A Clean, Well-Lighted Place written by Ernest Hemmingway and Katherine Porter's The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall. The main focus of A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is on the pain of old age suffered by a man that we meet in a cafe late one night. Hemingway contrasts light and dark to show the difference between this man and the young people around him, and uses his deafness as an image of his separation from the rest of the world. Similarly, in The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall, Porter discusses the regrets of an old woman revealed by her reactions to her being left at the altar and her slow death sixty years later. Near the end of both stories, the authors show us the desperate emptiness of a life near finished without the fruit of its labor, and the aggravation of the old restless mind that cannot find peace. Throughout the stories stark images of desperation show the lives of the two main characters at a point when they have realized the futility of life. In the story, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, written by Katherine Porter, Granny Weatherall is a character of depth. Her name is synomonous with her character. Three main qualities of her character are her strength, her endurance, and her vulnerability. Her strength is not so much physical but mental. She lies upon her bed contemplating all that she needs to do. Her daughter Cornelia does not even come close to handling affairs as well as she does in her own mind. In addition, she tell the Doctor Leave a well women alone...I'll call you when I need you. She does not like the patronizing position that she finds herself in. The fact that she has already avoided death once seems to add to her image of strength. As we follow her mental ramblings we obtain insight to her character as a woman that has endured heartache as well as hardship. A Clean, Well-Lighted Place and The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall :: The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall Katherine Porter's The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall and A Clean, Well-Lighted Place written by Ernest Hemmingway What are the thoughts that go through the minds of those who near death? These are the questions at the heart of A Clean, Well-Lighted Place written by Ernest Hemmingway and Katherine Porter's The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall. The main focus of A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is on the pain of old age suffered by a man that we meet in a cafe late one night. Hemingway contrasts light and dark to show the difference between this man and the young people around him, and uses his deafness as an image of his separation from the rest of the world. Similarly, in The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall, Porter discusses the regrets of an old woman revealed by her reactions to her being left at the altar and her slow death sixty years later. Near the end of both stories, the authors show us the desperate emptiness of a life near finished without the fruit of its labor, and the aggravation of the old restless mind that cannot find peace. Throughout the stories stark images of desperation show the lives of the two main characters at a point when they have realized the futility of life. In the story, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, written by Katherine Porter, Granny Weatherall is a character of depth. Her name is synomonous with her character. Three main qualities of her character are her strength, her endurance, and her vulnerability. Her strength is not so much physical but mental. She lies upon her bed contemplating all that she needs to do. Her daughter Cornelia does not even come close to handling affairs as well as she does in her own mind. In addition, she tell the Doctor Leave a well women alone...I'll call you when I need you. She does not like the patronizing position that she finds herself in. The fact that she has already avoided death once seems to add to her image of strength. As we follow her mental ramblings we obtain insight to her character as a woman that has endured heartache as well as hardship.

Language and Intimacy

Kanye East 03/15/2013 English Language and Intimacy Language defines the type of person we are. It has an affect on our choices as well as our lifestyle. Depending on friends, family, and others we talk to, our choice on language tends to vary. Our decisions in life, sometimes, are influenced by the language we use and our surroundings. Language has become a way of seeing life in a different perspective. But can language effect intimacy? Family intimacy to be exact. Richard Rodriguez, a writer and public speaker, expertly illustrates his own experience with this in his autobiography, Hunger of Memory.Rodriguez’s childhood was particularly unique given the fact that while he was born and raised in the United States, he was strongly influenced in the ethnic environment of a Spanish family. Although the reader is introduced to only a short excerpt from the autobiography, he learns a great deal about Rodriguez’s family and his relationship to it, his conflict of speaking    English versus Spanish, and the paradox that became evident as he used English as his primary language. Since learning English, young Rodriguez noted the lack of intimacy there was in his home.Did the understanding of a new language affect the very close family? While I read this autobiography, there were tons of ideas that struck me. It was very interesting because so many of the different parts could relate to my life. Being born and raised in America, English was automatically my first language. Nevertheless, my parents were keen on making me and my siblings learn their native tongue, my fathers Yemeni culture and my mothers Turkish culture and most importantly, our religion. As soon as they can, my parents enrolled me and my siblings in Arabic school and Islamic studies.There we learned how to read, write and fluently speak Arabic and also memorize and study the Holy Quran. At home, my mother schooled us on the Turkish language. The essence of my childhood was of culture and language but as me and my siblings got older, the language faded. Our once perfectly spoken Turkish and Arabic, broken. I couldn’t deny the fact that my Arabic was not as strong as before but it became the most evident to me when my grandparents came over from overseas. They only came one time before, when I was younger and knew the language of their tongue.The news of them coming to our house from Yemen brought me to the basement, going through stacks of old coloring books and photos desperately looking for my old Arabic books. Remembering the pages and pages of Arabic greetings and phrases, I looked even harder. After finally finding it at the bottom and a hidden stack of books, I sat. The rush of nostalgia came back but when I opened my mouth to read, it was a stuttered mess. The words I once read so fluently were now what seemed a calligraphy of memory. At this point, I knew the book wasn’t going to do much for me.Practicing the phrases I already knew, and said occ asionally, I found more and more ways to make them sound like their not all I know. Ignoring the fact that they were. The day came and by this point I wanted to get the humiliation and disappointment over with. As I walked downstairs to greet them, familiar voices and smells of incents filled the air. Their smiles and hugs erased all the worry. And as we sat there listening to them laugh and reminisce with my father, me and my siblings all joined in on the conversation.With the language of intimacy. This autobiography triggered many thoughts on language and intimacy. Of all possible human qualities, the one that wields the most power is the ability to use, understand and communicate effectively through language. A proficient use of language allows us to clearly communicate an exact idea from one person to another person or group of people. This precise science of being able to convey exactly what you want equates to the acquisition of power. As strong and powerful as language is, It didn’t affect intimacy.

Cyber Bullying Essay Essay

â€Å"Give me some nude pics or I’ll post the picture of you last night at the party on Facebook †. This is an example of cyber bullying and nearly 43% of kids have been bullied online, 1 in 4 has had it happened to them more than once. However, you hold the power to change someone’s life with small actions. In other words, â€Å" Change can begin with simple actions/gestures â€Å". Nevertheless, everyone must be aware of how cyber bullying could affect somebody, to be alert of the situation, and how to prevent it from happening or helping a victim. Cyber bullying causes psychological, emotional, and physical stress. It can cause a higher risk of depression and anxiety. Being a victim of this abuse can lead to lower confidence, self-esteem, and your sense of security. It can affect your performance in school, also destroy your reputation, but worst of all, cyber bullying can lead to suicidal thoughts. Multiple teens have gave up their lives because of cyber bullying and for what ? A coward hiding behind a computer screen ? This needs to sto therefore if you stand up for your peers it does help and YOU can start a chain reaction. If you get trapped in cyber bullying, it is hard to get out because it is an on-going cycle and the bully can see you as a vulnerable target. It can affect you for the rest of your life if you don’t take action or help a friend. 1 in 10 victims will inform a parent or teacher, but what about the other 9 ? They hide it in until they are mentally suffering. We must change our actions and stand up to these bullies. Many others have been waiting for someone brave enough to take a stand, all it takes is one person and others may join to help stop it. However, if you are the victim don’t get deeply involved before its to late so show no emotion and interest in the situation and inform a trusted parent or guardian. One way to prevent cyber bullying is to know what to look for. Such as, signs of impression, harassment, and public humiliation. Afterwards, take immediate action. For example, attempt to identify the cause, stop responding to the bullies message, block the bully, change your account  settings and most importantly save the evidence. Next, get outside help but don’t wait too long or else it would be too late. If it gets that serious inform law enforcement. Finally, the best way to prevent cyber bullying would have nothing against you so the bully can’t work with anything. Also don’t participate in cyber bullying. For example, your friend is teasing someone online don’t participate, tell them to stop. If you stand up for others, others will too, it all starts with a simple action and people will join in. They are just waiting for someone brave enough. We must be aware of this situation and it all starts with a small action. If everybody joins in on this, those small actions can turn into a great opportunity to open the door and help these victims and resolve the matter. Everybody can help so we must stand by each other because together we are stronger. This is a serious situation and 90% of teens seen social-media bullying and said they have ignored it. We must change these actions to help our society.

The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension Essay Example

The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension Essay Example The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension Paper The methods Miller uses to create dramatic tension Paper Death of a Salesman is a fantastic example of a continuation of increasing Dramatic Tension. It is created by such methods mentioned in the title and further strengthened by the jumps between past and present. Miller also uses the continuing theme of symbolism to strengthen the tension of the play. The lasting impression is one of slight confusion, but this too aids the suspense as Willy Loman, the focus character of this tension, continues to lose his grip on reality and finally then, his life. Throughout the play the audience are invited to second-guess Willys next actions or attempt to link his present as a result of past events. The other characters in the play are also equally vital in allowing Miller to create such heightened dramatic tension. Often it is through their silent interactions, such as the complexity of relationships that exist only in thought or feeling. While the audience is aware of these unspoken family rifts, they are rarely exposed and this can create heightened dramatic tension. Linda then, is a character that we learn directly very little about. It is only through her interactions with her family that her nature is revealed, and this sense of mystery adds to the dramatic tension. Where uncertainty exists, suspicion can grow; the audience may sometimes question Lindas motives due to a lack of understanding into her character, creating dramatic tension. The audience cannot fathom why she stays with Willy and her dysfunctional family. Is she accepting her subordinate position as part of the nuclear family in order to hold it together? Or is she limited by her own personal inadequacies that prevent her from standing independently? Millers creation of a character shrouded in ambiguity allows extensive scope for dramatic tension. In fact Miller claims that he had no choice as far as the creation of Lindas character because A woman who was thinking of herself more would simply not have been there one morning, or else she would have put up such a fight so as to crush him [Willy]. This indistinct character of Linda has an effect on her relationship with Willy. From the beginning of the play, her interactions with Willy are almost unnaturally devoid of confrontation, instead she seems to be constantly looking to mother and appease her husband. We see constant references in the stage directions to the infinite patience of Linda. A constant dramatic tension hangs over their relationship, as Willy breaks down and Linda is increasingly challenged by his behaviour and distressing mental state.

Iron Cage - Max Webers Theory of Rationality

Iron Cage - Max Webers Theory of Rationality One of the theoretical concepts that Max Weber, founding sociologist, is most well known for is the iron cage. Weber first presented this theory in his important and widely taught work,  The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, however, he  wrote in German, so never actually used the phrase himself. It was American sociologist Talcott Parsons who coined it, in his original translation of Webers book, published in 1930. In the original work, Weber referred to a  stahlhartes Gehuse, which literally translated means housing hard as steel. Parsons translation into iron cage, though, is largely accepted as an accurate rendering of the metaphor offered by Weber. Understanding Webers Iron Cage In  The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber presented a carefully researched historical account of how a strong Protestant work ethic and belief in living frugally helped foster the development of the capitalist economic system in the Western world. Weber explained that as the force of Protestantism decreased in social life over time, the system of capitalism remained, as did the social structure and principles of bureaucracy that had evolved along with it. This bureaucratic social structure, and the values, beliefs, and worldviews that supported and sustained it, became central to shaping social life. It was this very phenomenon that Weber conceived of as an iron cage. The reference to this concept comes on page 181 of Parsons translation. It reads: The Puritan wanted to work in a calling; we are forced to do so. For when asceticism was carried out of monastic cells into everyday life, and began to dominant worldly morality, it did its part in building the tremendous cosmos of the modern economic order. Simply put, Weber suggests that the technological and economic relationships that organized and grew out of capitalist production became themselves fundamental forces in society. Thus, if you are born into a society organized this way, with the division of labor and hierarchical social structure that comes with it, you cant help but live within this system. As such, ones life and worldview are shaped by it to such an extent that one probably cant even imagine what an alternative way of life would look like. So, those born into the cage live out its dictates, and in doing so, reproduce the cage in perpetuity. For this reason, Weber considered the iron cage a massive hindrance to freedom. Why Sociologists Embrace Webers Iron Cage This concept proved very useful to social theorists and researchers who followed Weber. Most notably, the  critical theorists associated with the Frankfurt School  in Germany, who were active during the middle of the twentieth century, elaborated on this concept. They witnessed further technological developments and their impact on capitalist production and culture  and saw that these only intensified the ability of the iron cage to shape and constrain our behavior and thought. Webers concept remains important to sociologists today because the iron cage of techno-rational thought, practices, relations, and capitalism   now a global system   shows no signs of disintegrating anytime soon. The influence of this iron cage leads to some very serious problems that social scientists and others are now working to solve. For example, how can we overcome the force of the iron cage to address the threats of climate change, produced by the very cage itself? And, how can we convince people that the system within the cage is  not  working in their best interest, evidenced by the shocking wealth inequality that divides many Western nations?

The Vietnam War and America's Involvement Research Paper

The Vietnam War and America's Involvement - Research Paper Example The Vietminh engaged in guerilla warfare against the Japanese, aided by the supply of arms from the Soviet Union and the United States. On the defeat of Japan in 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam’s unilateral independence and announced the formation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Minh sought American support. In spite of substantial Vietminh collaboration during World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt failed to respond to Minh’s appeal (Simkin). American involvement and defeat in the Vietnam War was the result of America’s Cold War ideology, support for Ngo Dinh Diem, and anti-war public sentiment. After World War II, fearing communist China’s influence over Vietnam, America rejected Minh’s appeal for support in his bid for independence. As France sought to re-establish dominion over Vietnam, Minh again appealed in vain for help. America desired French support in Western Europe. President  Eisenhower  explained the link between Vietnam's st atus and that of the rest of Southeast Asia through the â€Å"Domino Theory†: â€Å"If one country fell to communism, the rest of them would follow† (â€Å"Milestones (1953-1960)†). America gave France massive aid, while Minh was supported by the Soviet Union and communist China. Vietnam, thus, became a theatre of the Cold War. In July 1954, Vietnam overthrew France’s colonial rule with the decisive victory at Dien Bien Phu. At the subsequent Geneva Peace Accords of 1954, the United States was influenced by â€Å"the strains of the international Cold War† (Brigham), having suffered heavy losses in the fight against communism in Korea. Vietnam was pressurized by China and the Soviet Union to accept the temporary partition of the country at the seventeenth parallel, with the understanding that reunification would follow the general election scheduled for 1956. Fearing that the elections would result in the consolidation of power by the communist Ho C hi Minh, America, under President Eisenhower, mounted a covert anti-communist campaign in the South (Simkin). This anti-communist stand led to active American involvement in the quagmire of Vietnam. The United States established a puppet regime in South Vietnam led by Ngo Dinh Diem, who was unpopular, corrupt, and autocratic. Diem brazenly opposed reunification and unleashed state terror on all opposition. In spite of widespread Vietnamese opposition, the United States continued to prop up Diem’s regime with military, economic and political aid, as a bulwark against the Communist North. Diem’s American advisers set about training the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) and connived in the rigged election of 1955 to keep Diem in power. Diem then rejected North Vietnam’s call for general elections in 1956 and indulged in an orgy of arrests of political dissidents including communists, socialists, journalists, religious leaders, and even children. Growing opposition to Di em led to the formation of the the  National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam  (NLF), or the Viet Cong, in 1960. It was supported by Ho Chi Minh. John F. Kennedy continued to support Diem, quoting the importance of the â€Å"Domino Theory,† and supplied South Vietnam with money and military advisers. The American sponsored â€Å"Strategic Hamlet Program† of isolating the peasants from the NLF in villages with stockades increasing dissent. American military advisors and soldiers increasingly became involved in the fighting. Diem, a Catholic, went on to unleash force against the Buddhist